Education that is an addition, alternative and/or a complement to formal education within the process of the lifelong learning of individuals. It is often provided to guarantee the right of access to education for all. It caters to people of all ages but does not necessarily apply a continuous pathway-structure. It may be short in duration and/or low-intensity, and it is typically provided in the form of short courses, workshops or seminars. Non-formal education mostly leads to qualifications that are not recognized by the relevant national or sub- national education authorities or to no qualifications at all. Non-formal education includes programmes on life skills, including literacy and numeracy, work skills, and social or cultural development. Most types of ALE are also included.